Revisiting Classical Islamic Philosophy: Ibn Rushd’s Rationalism and its Relevance to Contemporary thought

Abstract

The study of classical Islamic philosophy provides critical insight into the intellectual heritage of the Muslim world and its contemporary significance. Among its most influential figures, Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126–1198) is recognized for his rationalist approach, his attempt to harmonize reason with revelation, and his defense of philosophy as a legitimate path to truth. His contributions not only shaped Islamic thought but also influenced Western scholasticism, making his rationalism a bridge between civilizations. This research adopts a qualitative philosophical design with a historical-analytical and hermeneutical approach. Primary data were drawn from Ibn Rushd’s seminal works such as Tahafut al-Tahafut, Fasl al-Maqal, and Bidayat al-Mujtahid, while secondary sources included scholarly studies on his intellectual impact. Data collection involved document and comparative literature analysis, and interpretation was conducted through hermeneutical, critical, and thematic analysis to explore the relevance of Ibn Rushd’s rationalism in modern contexts. The findings reveal that Ibn Rushd’s rationalism reconciles faith and reason, providing a framework for dialogue between revelation and critical inquiry. His philosophy is recognized as highly relevant for education, fostering critical thinking and balanced curricula. Additionally, his role in transmitting Aristotelian philosophy highlights the interconnectedness of Islamic and Western traditions, challenging the notion of a civilizational divide. Respondents also identified the socio-political relevance of his rationalist ethics in justice, governance, and human rights. The study concludes that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy remains vital for contemporary debates on modernity, pluralism, and democracy. However, its application is constrained by limited awareness, traditionalist resistance, and underrepresentation in education, underscoring the need for renewed scholarly and institutional engagement.