Islamic Law in Responding to the Phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised profound ethical and legal concerns across global societies, including within the framework of Islamic law. This study examines how Islamic jurisprudence responds to the phenomenon of AI, highlighting the adaptability of Islamic legal principles in addressing emerging technological challenges. Using a qualitative normative legal approach, the research draws upon primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh texts, and contemporary fatwas, complemented by secondary sources from modern scholarship on AI and ethics. The findings reveal that while AI introduces complex issues related to privacy, accountability, justice, and human dignity, Islamic law provides clear normative guidance grounded in the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah . These objectives protection of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth serve as a comprehensive ethical framework to evaluate and regulate the development and use of AI. The study further demonstrates that moral and legal responsibility in the context of AI rests with its human creators, developers, and users, aligning with Islamic thought that prioritizes human agency over autonomous systems. Additionally, contemporary Islamic scholars and institutions have begun to offer nuanced interpretations and legal opinions, underscoring the dynamic nature of Islamic jurisprudence in responding to modern issues.